Along with the certificate, the server also sends its public key. Next, the server sends the SSL certificate that CA issues to the client.The browser/client requests for server identification. the client, connects to the server that is secured with an SSL. What are the Steps involved in Establishing a Secure Connection via SSL?įollowing are the steps that are involved in establishing a secure connection via SSL: ![]() Once the connection is established, the session key is being used to encrypt all the data.ĭifferent algorithms are used for encrypting the data in SSL, and Symmetric algorithms supported in SSL are Camellia, DES, 3DES, RC2, ARCFOUR, AES, IDEA, SEED, NULL (i.e. The private key and vice versa can only decrypt anything which is encrypted with the help of a public key. In order to set up the SSL connection, three keys are required: the private key, the public key, and the session keys. An SSL handshake happens between the client and the browser, which is invisible to the users. The basic approach that is being used behind the SSL is when you enable and install an SSL certificate on a server and when a client, say the web browser tries to connect with it, the SSL certificate triggers an SSL protocol which encrypts all the data between the client and the server. Please report problems with this website to webmaster at .Ĭopyright © 1999-2023 The OpenSSL Project Authors.Working of SSL (How a Secure Connection is Established?) You can obtain a copy in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at. You may not use this file except in compliance with the License. Licensed under the OpenSSL license (the "License"). SSL_get_error(3), SSL_accept(3), SSL_shutdown(3), ssl(7), bio(7), SSL_set_connect_state(3), SSL_do_handshake(3), SSL_CTX_new(3) COPYRIGHTĬopyright 2000-2020 The OpenSSL Project Authors. Call SSL_get_error() with the return value ret to find out the reason. It can also occur if action is needed to continue the operation for nonblocking BIOs. The TLS/SSL handshake was not successful, because a fatal error occurred either at the protocol level or a connection failure occurred. The TLS/SSL handshake was successfully completed, a TLS/SSL connection has been established. The TLS/SSL handshake was not successful but was shut down controlled and by the specifications of the TLS/SSL protocol. The helper function BIO_set_tcp_ndelay() can be used to turn on or off the TCP_NODELAY option. If an application opts to disable Nagle's algorithm consideration should be given to turning it back on again later if appropriate. The TCP_NODELAY socket option is often available to disable Nagle's algorithm. If the client is also the first to send application data (as is typical for many protocols) then this data could be buffered until an ACK has been received for the final handshake message. This can have performance impacts after a successful TLSv1.3 handshake or a successful TLSv1.2 (or below) resumption handshake, because the last peer to communicate in the handshake is the client. Many systems implement Nagle's algorithm by default which means that it will buffer outgoing TCP data if a TCP packet has already been sent for which no corresponding ACK has been received yet from the peer. When using a buffering BIO, like a BIO pair, data must be written into or retrieved out of the BIO before being able to continue. When using a nonblocking socket, nothing is to be done, but select() can be used to check for the required condition. The action depends on the underlying BIO. The calling process then must repeat the call after taking appropriate action to satisfy the needs of SSL_connect(). In this case a call to SSL_get_error() with the return value of SSL_connect() will yield SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ or SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE. If the underlying BIO is nonblocking, SSL_connect() will also return when the underlying BIO could not satisfy the needs of SSL_connect() to continue the handshake, indicating the problem by the return value -1. If the underlying BIO is blocking, SSL_connect() will only return once the handshake has been finished or an error occurred. ![]() ![]() The behaviour of SSL_connect() depends on the underlying BIO. ![]() The communication channel must already have been set and assigned to the ssl by setting an underlying BIO. SSL_connect() initiates the TLS/SSL handshake with a server. SSL_connect - initiate the TLS/SSL handshake with an TLS/SSL server SYNOPSIS #include
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